Understanding the past climates of the Southern Hemisphere is important on local, regional and global scales. Despite this, palaeolimnology in the Southern Hemisphere has been neglected relative to “The North”. This session will highlight recent research in the Southern Hemisphere. It will focus on research that documents the behaviour of important climate phenomena such as ENSO, the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies and bipolar seesaw, particularly during key time periods (such as the Younger Dryas Chronozone and those associated with the “Medieval Climate Anomaly” and “The Little Ice Age”).